research processes

1. observation of the facts demonstrated, based on methods that are decisive, clear, and highly precise
2. experimentation, which creates new conditions for observing the phenomena
3. criticism and elimination of erroneous hypotheses, and elaboration of a rational interpretation of the facts
4. proof of the hypothesis by new observations or repeated experiments
5. replacement of the hypothesis
6. applying the implications of the hypothesis, now regarded as established , to other spheres of knowledge

(Ramon y Cajal "Advice for a young investigator")